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Craniofacial Conditions: Jaw Deformities

The two jaws are:
upper jaw (maxilla)
lower jaw (mandible)

Macrogenia refers to a chin that grows beyond normal size, causing the nose and eyes to look disproportionately small. This may be corrected surgically by shortening or setting the chin back.

Microgenia refers to a chin that hasn’t developed to normal/full size, causing the nose and eyes to look disproportionately large. This may be corrected surgically by adding more tissue.

Macrognathia refers to an overgrown lower jaw that juts out beyond the upper jaw. This may be corrected by surgically reducing excess bone.

Micrognathia refers to a lower jaw that hasn’t grown enough to be normally-sized. This may be treated with early orthodontics to align the teeth, followed by surgical chin advancement.

Malocclusion refers to an excessively long upper jaw, resulting in a smile that shows most of the gums. This may be treated surgically by shortening and reshaping the jaw, followed by orthodontics to align the upper and lower jaws.

Long Maxilla refers to a chin that grows beyond normal size, causing the nose and eyes to look disproportionately small. This may be corrected surgically by shortening or setting the chin back.

Short Maxilla refers to an upper jaw that is proportionately too short for the face, which may hide the teeth and create an abnormal bite. Whether part of a birth anomaly or a result of an injury, it may be treated by surgically lengthening the jaw, followed by orthodontics to align the upper and lower jaws.